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American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

* The ANSI paper sizes (ANSI/ASME Y14.1).

[edit] Other initiatives

* In 2008 ANSI, in partnership[6] with Citation Technologies, created the first dynamic, online web library for ISO14000 standards.[7]

* On June 23, 2009 ANSI announced a product and services agreement with Citation Technologies to deliver all ISO Standards on a web-based platform. Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionality.[8]

* ANSI, in partnership with Citation Technologies, AAMI, ASTM, and DIN, created a single, centralized database for medical device standards on September 9, 2009.[9]

* In early 2009, ANSI launched a new Certificate Accreditation Program (ANSI-CAP) to provide neutral, third-party attestation that a given certificate program meets the American National Standard ASTM E2659-09.

* In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TCSP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP’s product certification bodies.

* In 2006, ANSI launched www.StandardsPortal.org, an online resource for facilitating more open and efficient trade between international markets in the areas of standards, conformity assessment, and technical regulations. The site currently features content for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.

[edit] See also

* ASCII
* FORTRAN
* ANSI C
* ANSI ASC X9
* ANSI escape code
* ANSI-SPARC Architecture
* National Institute of Standards and Technology
* Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
* Open Standards

[edit] References

1. ^ ANSI 2009 Annual Report
2. ^ http://www.iec.ch/
3. ^ ANSI membership page, www.ansi.org/membership
4. ^ Value of the ANS Designation brochure
5. ^ Microsoft Glossary
6. ^ http://www.citationtechnologies.com/alliances/ansi
7. ^ ANSI ISO14000 Press Release
8. ^ ANSI Press Release 07.23.09
9. ^ Medical Device Standards Database Press Release 09/09/09

[edit] External links

* American National Standards Institute official Web site
* ANSI eStandardsStore
* ANSI Overview
* ANSI Historical Overview
o Historical Overview Brochure
* ANSI iPackages Portals & WebStore - ISO14000 online portals
* Documents of Interest:
o ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards
o ANSI Critical Issue Paper: Current Attempts to Change Established Definition of “Open” Standards

* ANSI code list at Piping-Designer.com

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute"
Categories: Organizations established in 1918 | Organizations based in the United States | Standards organizations | ISO member bodies | ANSI standards
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* This page was last modified on 1 September 2010 at 19:39.
* Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
* Contact us

American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

* The ANSI paper sizes (ANSI/ASME Y14.1).

[edit] Other initiatives

* In 2008 ANSI, in partnership[6] with Citation Technologies, created the first dynamic, online web library for ISO14000 standards.[7]

* On June 23, 2009 ANSI announced a product and services agreement with Citation Technologies to deliver all ISO Standards on a web-based platform. Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionality.[8]

* ANSI, in partnership with Citation Technologies, AAMI, ASTM, and DIN, created a single, centralized database for medical device standards on September 9, 2009.[9]

* In early 2009, ANSI launched a new Certificate Accreditation Program (ANSI-CAP) to provide neutral, third-party attestation that a given certificate program meets the American National Standard ASTM E2659-09.

* In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TCSP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP’s product certification bodies.

* In 2006, ANSI launched www.StandardsPortal.org, an online resource for facilitating more open and efficient trade between international markets in the areas of standards, conformity assessment, and technical regulations. The site currently features content for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.

[edit] See also

* ASCII
* FORTRAN
* ANSI C
* ANSI ASC X9
* ANSI escape code
* ANSI-SPARC Architecture
* National Institute of Standards and Technology
* Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
* Open Standards

[edit] References

1. ^ ANSI 2009 Annual Report
2. ^ http://www.iec.ch/
3. ^ ANSI membership page, www.ansi.org/membership
4. ^ Value of the ANS Designation brochure
5. ^ Microsoft Glossary
6. ^ http://www.citationtechnologies.com/alliances/ansi
7. ^ ANSI ISO14000 Press Release
8. ^ ANSI Press Release 07.23.09
9. ^ Medical Device Standards Database Press Release 09/09/09

[edit] External links

* American National Standards Institute official Web site
* ANSI eStandardsStore
* ANSI Overview
* ANSI Historical Overview
o Historical Overview Brochure
* ANSI iPackages Portals & WebStore - ISO14000 online portals
* Documents of Interest:
o ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards
o ANSI Critical Issue Paper: Current Attempts to Change Established Definition of “Open” Standards

* ANSI code list at Piping-Designer.com

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute"
Categories: Organizations established in 1918 | Organizations based in the United States | Standards organizations | ISO member bodies | ANSI standards
Personal tools

* New features
* Log in / create account

Namespaces

* Article
* Discussion

Variants

Views

* Read
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* View history

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Search
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* Help

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* ‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬
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* Slovenščina
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* Suomi
* Svenska
* ไทย
* Türkçe
* Українська
* Tiếng Việt
* 中文

* This page was last modified on 1 September 2010 at 19:39.
* Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
* Contact us

American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

* The ANSI paper sizes (ANSI/ASME Y14.1).

[edit] Other initiatives

* In 2008 ANSI, in partnership[6] with Citation Technologies, created the first dynamic, online web library for ISO14000 standards.[7]

* On June 23, 2009 ANSI announced a product and services agreement with Citation Technologies to deliver all ISO Standards on a web-based platform. Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionality.[8]

* ANSI, in partnership with Citation Technologies, AAMI, ASTM, and DIN, created a single, centralized database for medical device standards on September 9, 2009.[9]

* In early 2009, ANSI launched a new Certificate Accreditation Program (ANSI-CAP) to provide neutral, third-party attestation that a given certificate program meets the American National Standard ASTM E2659-09.

* In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TCSP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP’s product certification bodies.

* In 2006, ANSI launched www.StandardsPortal.org, an online resource for facilitating more open and efficient trade between international markets in the areas of standards, conformity assessment, and technical regulations. The site currently features content for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.

[edit] See also

* ASCII
* FORTRAN
* ANSI C
* ANSI ASC X9
* ANSI escape code
* ANSI-SPARC Architecture
* National Institute of Standards and Technology
* Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
* Open Standards

[edit] References

1. ^ ANSI 2009 Annual Report
2. ^ http://www.iec.ch/
3. ^ ANSI membership page, www.ansi.org/membership
4. ^ Value of the ANS Designation brochure
5. ^ Microsoft Glossary
6. ^ http://www.citationtechnologies.com/alliances/ansi
7. ^ ANSI ISO14000 Press Release
8. ^ ANSI Press Release 07.23.09
9. ^ Medical Device Standards Database Press Release 09/09/09

[edit] External links

* American National Standards Institute official Web site
* ANSI eStandardsStore
* ANSI Overview
* ANSI Historical Overview
o Historical Overview Brochure
* ANSI iPackages Portals & WebStore - ISO14000 online portals
* Documents of Interest:
o ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards
o ANSI Critical Issue Paper: Current Attempts to Change Established Definition of “Open” Standards

* ANSI code list at Piping-Designer.com

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute"
Categories: Organizations established in 1918 | Organizations based in the United States | Standards organizations | ISO member bodies | ANSI standards
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* This page was last modified on 1 September 2010 at 19:39.
* Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
* Contact us

American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

* The ANSI paper sizes (ANSI/ASME Y14.1).

[edit] Other initiatives

* In 2008 ANSI, in partnership[6] with Citation Technologies, created the first dynamic, online web library for ISO14000 standards.[7]

* On June 23, 2009 ANSI announced a product and services agreement with Citation Technologies to deliver all ISO Standards on a web-based platform. Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionality.[8]

* ANSI, in partnership with Citation Technologies, AAMI, ASTM, and DIN, created a single, centralized database for medical device standards on September 9, 2009.[9]

* In early 2009, ANSI launched a new Certificate Accreditation Program (ANSI-CAP) to provide neutral, third-party attestation that a given certificate program meets the American National Standard ASTM E2659-09.

* In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TCSP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP’s product certification bodies.

* In 2006, ANSI launched www.StandardsPortal.org, an online resource for facilitating more open and efficient trade between international markets in the areas of standards, conformity assessment, and technical regulations. The site currently features content for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.

[edit] See also

* ASCII
* FORTRAN
* ANSI C
* ANSI ASC X9
* ANSI escape code
* ANSI-SPARC Architecture
* National Institute of Standards and Technology
* Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
* Open Standards

[edit] References

1. ^ ANSI 2009 Annual Report
2. ^ http://www.iec.ch/
3. ^ ANSI membership page, www.ansi.org/membership
4. ^ Value of the ANS Designation brochure
5. ^ Microsoft Glossary
6. ^ http://www.citationtechnologies.com/alliances/ansi
7. ^ ANSI ISO14000 Press Release
8. ^ ANSI Press Release 07.23.09
9. ^ Medical Device Standards Database Press Release 09/09/09

[edit] External links

* American National Standards Institute official Web site
* ANSI eStandardsStore
* ANSI Overview
* ANSI Historical Overview
o Historical Overview Brochure
* ANSI iPackages Portals & WebStore - ISO14000 online portals
* Documents of Interest:
o ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards
o ANSI Critical Issue Paper: Current Attempts to Change Established Definition of “Open” Standards

* ANSI code list at Piping-Designer.com

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute"
Categories: Organizations established in 1918 | Organizations based in the United States | Standards organizations | ISO member bodies | ANSI standards
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* ‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬
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* Suomi
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* 中文

* This page was last modified on 1 September 2010 at 19:39.
* Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
* Contact us

American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

* The ANSI paper sizes (ANSI/ASME Y14.1).

[edit] Other initiatives

* In 2008 ANSI, in partnership[6] with Citation Technologies, created the first dynamic, online web library for ISO14000 standards.[7]

* On June 23, 2009 ANSI announced a product and services agreement with Citation Technologies to deliver all ISO Standards on a web-based platform. Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionality.[8]

* ANSI, in partnership with Citation Technologies, AAMI, ASTM, and DIN, created a single, centralized database for medical device standards on September 9, 2009.[9]

* In early 2009, ANSI launched a new Certificate Accreditation Program (ANSI-CAP) to provide neutral, third-party attestation that a given certificate program meets the American National Standard ASTM E2659-09.

* In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TCSP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP’s product certification bodies.

* In 2006, ANSI launched www.StandardsPortal.org, an online resource for facilitating more open and efficient trade between international markets in the areas of standards, conformity assessment, and technical regulations. The site currently features content for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.

[edit] See also

* ASCII
* FORTRAN
* ANSI C
* ANS

IP : 125.25.191.XXX

content.
Guest

ตอบ # 2 เมื่อ 18 ก.ย. 2553 06:04 น.

[แจ้งลบ]

Antiperspirant actives, based on inorganic Aluminium salts, have been marketed for more than
60 years in various application forms, e.g. in roll ons, sticks, aerosols and pump sprays. One of
the first actives used was Aluminium Chloride. This was a very effective antiperspirant, but due
to its low pH, caused significant skin irritation.
Further development led to the introduction of basic Aluminium Chlorohydrates, which,
although less effective antiperspirants than Aluminium Chloride, are considerably more skin
tolerant. The Aluminium Chlorohydrates became the most important antiperspirant actives,
both in their own right and as starting materials for the further development of antiperspirants.
• Aloxicollฎ L (50 % aqueous solution)
• Aloxicollฎ PF40 (powder , 97 % < 45์m)
Activation:
Sweat reduction levels of ca. 25% are achieved with standard Aluminium Chlorohydrate grades.
Past development has focussed on improving this level of efficacy, and numerous patents on
this topic have been granted during the last 25 years. By far the most important process
describes the change in polymer distribution of basic Aluminium Chlorohydrate solutions by
thermal activation. The polymer distribution is measured by HPLC. The method defines the
columns, mobile phase and equipment settings. For standard compounds the chromatogram
shows 3 relevant bands: band 1 - large polymers, band 2 - medium sized polymers and band 3 -
small polymers. It is well known that the species responsible for sweat reduction are found
under bands 2 and 3. The primary aim of activation is, therefore, to achieve a break down of
band 1. Selected conditions during activation allow the production of concentrated Aluminium
Chlorohydrate solutions with a band 2 content > 60%,
• Aloxicollฎ 51L (activated 50% aqueous solution)
or powders with a band 3 content > 40%.
• Activated Aloxicollฎ SD100 (particle size: 99 % < 100 ์m)
• Activated Aloxicollฎ P (particle size: 99 % < 45 ์m)
In both cases band 1 is almost completely broken down. Sweat reduction levels of upto ca.
30% can be achieved with the activated solution and upto ca. 38% with the activated
powders.
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of “visible deposits”.
• Activated Aloxicollฎ LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.

Antiperspirant actives, based on inorganic Aluminium salts, have been marketed for more than
60 years in various application forms, e.g. in roll ons, sticks, aerosols and pump sprays. One of
the first actives used was Aluminium Chloride. This was a very effective antiperspirant, but due
to its low pH, caused significant skin irritation.
Further development led to the introduction of basic Aluminium Chlorohydrates, which,
although less effective antiperspirants than Aluminium Chloride, are considerably more skin
tolerant. The Aluminium Chlorohydrates became the most important antiperspirant actives,
both in their own right and as starting materials for the further development of antiperspirants.
• Aloxicollฎ L (50 % aqueous solution)
• Aloxicollฎ PF40 (powder , 97 % < 45์m)
Activation:
Sweat reduction levels of ca. 25% are achieved with standard Aluminium Chlorohydrate grades.
Past development has focussed on improving this level of efficacy, and numerous patents on
this topic have been granted during the last 25 years. By far the most important process
describes the change in polymer distribution of basic Aluminium Chlorohydrate solutions by
thermal activation. The polymer distribution is measured by HPLC. The method defines the
columns, mobile phase and equipment settings. For standard compounds the chromatogram
shows 3 relevant bands: band 1 - large polymers, band 2 - medium sized polymers and band 3 -
small polymers. It is well known that the species responsible for sweat reduction are found
under bands 2 and 3. The primary aim of activation is, therefore, to achieve a break down of
band 1. Selected conditions during activation allow the production of concentrated Aluminium
Chlorohydrate solutions with a band 2 content > 60%,
• Aloxicollฎ 51L (activated 50% aqueous solution)
or powders with a band 3 content > 40%.
• Activated Aloxicollฎ SD100 (particle size: 99 % < 100 ์m)
• Activated Aloxicollฎ P (particle size: 99 % < 45 ์m)
In both cases band 1 is almost completely broken down. Sweat reduction levels of upto ca.
30% can be achieved with the activated solution and upto ca. 38% with the activated
powders.
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of “visible deposits”.
• Activated Aloxicollฎ LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.

Antiperspirant actives, based on inorganic Aluminium salts, have been marketed for more than
60 years in various application forms, e.g. in roll ons, sticks, aerosols and pump sprays. One of
the first actives used was Aluminium Chloride. This was a very effective antiperspirant, but due
to its low pH, caused significant skin irritation.
Further development led to the introduction of basic Aluminium Chlorohydrates, which,
although less effective antiperspirants than Aluminium Chloride, are considerably more skin
tolerant. The Aluminium Chlorohydrates became the most important antiperspirant actives,
both in their own right and as starting materials for the further development of antiperspirants.
• Aloxicollฎ L (50 % aqueous solution)
• Aloxicollฎ PF40 (powder , 97 % < 45์m)
Activation:
Sweat reduction levels of ca. 25% are achieved with standard Aluminium Chlorohydrate grades.
Past development has focussed on improving this level of efficacy, and numerous patents on
this topic have been granted during the last 25 years. By far the most important process
describes the change in polymer distribution of basic Aluminium Chlorohydrate solutions by
thermal activation. The polymer distribution is measured by HPLC. The method defines the
columns, mobile phase and equipment settings. For standard compounds the chromatogram
shows 3 relevant bands: band 1 - large polymers, band 2 - medium sized polymers and band 3 -
small polymers. It is well known that the species responsible for sweat reduction are found
under bands 2 and 3. The primary aim of activation is, therefore, to achieve a break down of
band 1. Selected conditions during activation allow the production of concentrated Aluminium
Chlorohydrate solutions with a band 2 content > 60%,
• Aloxicollฎ 51L (activated 50% aqueous solution)
or powders with a band 3 content > 40%.
• Activated Aloxicollฎ SD100 (particle size: 99 % < 100 ์m)
• Activated Aloxicollฎ P (particle size: 99 % < 45 ์m)
In both cases band 1 is almost completely broken down. Sweat reduction levels of upto ca.
30% can be achieved with the activated solution and upto ca. 38% with the activated
powders.
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of “visible deposits”.
• Activated Aloxicollฎ LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.

The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of �gvisible deposits�h.
. Activated AloxicollR LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 �สm)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
. ZirkonalR L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
. ZirkonalR L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
. ZirkonalR P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
. ZirkonalR AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15�สm and an active content of 40 - 50%
. ZirkonalR S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
AloxicollR L
AloxicollR PF40
AloxicollR 31L
AloxicollR 31P
AloxicollR 51L
AloxicollR 51P
Act.AloxicollR P
Avt.AloxicollR 71P
Act.AloxicollR LR
Act.AloxicollR SD100
ZirkonalR L435G
ZirkonalR L540
ZirkonalR P3G
ZirkonalR P4G
ZirkonalR AP3G
ZirkonalR AP4G
ZirkonalR AP4G W
Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. ..
Pump Sprays .. .. ..
Creams .. .. .. .. ..
Aerosols .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Suspension Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soft Solids / Sticks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
process : standard special activated standard standard activated

The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of �gvisible deposits�h.
. Activated AloxicollR LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 �สm)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
. ZirkonalR L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
. ZirkonalR L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
. ZirkonalR P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
. ZirkonalR AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15�สm and an active content of 40 - 50%
. ZirkonalR S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
AloxicollR L
AloxicollR PF40
AloxicollR 31L
AloxicollR 31P
AloxicollR 51L
AloxicollR 51P
Act.AloxicollR P
Avt.AloxicollR 71P
Act.AloxicollR LR
Act.AloxicollR SD100
ZirkonalR L435G
ZirkonalR L540
ZirkonalR P3G
ZirkonalR P4G
ZirkonalR AP3G
ZirkonalR AP4G
ZirkonalR AP4G W
Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. ..
Pump Sprays .. .. ..
Creams .. .. .. .. ..
Aerosols .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Suspension Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soft Solids / Sticks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
process : standard special activated standard standard activated

The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of �gvisible deposits�h.
. Activated AloxicollR LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 �สm)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
. ZirkonalR L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
. ZirkonalR L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
. ZirkonalR P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
. ZirkonalR AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15�สm and an active content of 40 - 50%
. ZirkonalR S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
AloxicollR L
AloxicollR PF40
AloxicollR 31L
AloxicollR 31P
AloxicollR 51L
AloxicollR 51P
Act.AloxicollR P
Avt.AloxicollR 71P
Act.AloxicollR LR
Act.AloxicollR SD100
ZirkonalR L435G
ZirkonalR L540
ZirkonalR P3G
ZirkonalR P4G
ZirkonalR AP3G
ZirkonalR AP4G
ZirkonalR AP4G W
Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. ..
Pump Sprays .. .. ..
Creams .. .. .. .. ..
Aerosols .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Suspension Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soft Solids / Sticks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
process : standard special activated standard standard activated

The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of �gvisible deposits�h.
. Activated AloxicollR LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 �สm)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
. ZirkonalR L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
. ZirkonalR L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
. ZirkonalR P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
. ZirkonalR AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15�สm and an active content of 40 - 50%
. ZirkonalR S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
AloxicollR L
AloxicollR PF40
AloxicollR 31L
AloxicollR 31P
AloxicollR 51L
AloxicollR 51P
Act.AloxicollR P
Avt.AloxicollR 71P
Act.AloxicollR LR
Act.AloxicollR SD100
ZirkonalR L435G
ZirkonalR L540
ZirkonalR P3G
ZirkonalR P4G
ZirkonalR AP3G
ZirkonalR AP4G
ZirkonalR AP4G W
Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. ..
Pump Sprays .. .. ..
Creams .. .. .. .. ..
Aerosols .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Suspension Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soft Solids / Sticks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
process : standard special activated standard standard activated

The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of �gvisible deposits�h.
. Activated AloxicollR LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 �สm)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
. ZirkonalR L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
. ZirkonalR L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
. ZirkonalR P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
. ZirkonalR AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15�สm and an active content of 40 - 50%
. ZirkonalR S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
AloxicollR L
AloxicollR PF40
AloxicollR 31L
AloxicollR 31P
AloxicollR 51L
AloxicollR 51P
Act.AloxicollR P
Avt.AloxicollR 71P
Act.AloxicollR LR
Act.AloxicollR SD100
ZirkonalR L435G
ZirkonalR L540
ZirkonalR P3G
ZirkonalR P4G
ZirkonalR AP3G
ZirkonalR AP4G
ZirkonalR AP4G W
Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. ..
Pump Sprays .. .. ..
Creams .. .. .. .. ..
Aerosols .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Suspension Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soft Solids / Sticks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
process : standard special activated standard standard activated

The value of antiperspirants nowadays is generally recognised by consumers. Nevertheless, the
white deposits left in the armpits are frequently a cause for complaint. This problem can be
partly addressed by formulating with non-volatile oils with a high refractive index, but also by
using actives with physically changed particles (LR types). These actives reduce the amount of
reflected, visible light and, therefore, the amount of �gvisible deposits�h.
. Activated AloxicollR LR
Visible Deposits
BK Giulini GmbH BU/PCG PO Box 21 72 51 D-67072 Ludwigshafen Germany
Tel: ++49 (0)621 5709-0 Fax: ++49 (0)621 5709-489 E-Mail: pcg@bk-giulini.com
BK Giulini GmbH has attempted to be accurate and informative regarding the products described herein: however, due to the vast
potential for use of such products, we cannot take responsibility for results from the use of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned in this brochure. We must advise that no statement or suggestion herein is to be considered a recommendation or inducement
for any use, manufacture, or sale that may infringe any patents now or hereafter in existence. It is the users responsibility
to make and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 �สm)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
. ZirkonalR L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
. ZirkonalR L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
. ZirkonalR P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
. ZirkonalR AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15�สm and an active content of 40 - 50%
. ZirkonalR S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
AloxicollR L
AloxicollR PF40
AloxicollR 31L
AloxicollR 31P
AloxicollR 51L
AloxicollR 51P
Act.AloxicollR P
Avt.AloxicollR 71P
Act.AloxicollR LR
Act.AloxicollR SD100
ZirkonalR L435G
ZirkonalR L540
ZirkonalR P3G
ZirkonalR P4G
ZirkonalR AP3G
ZirkonalR AP4G
ZirkonalR AP4G W
Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. ..
Pump Sprays .. .. ..
Creams .. .. .. .. ..
Aerosols .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Suspension Roll-Ons .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Soft Solids / Sticks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

process : standard special activated standard standard activated

and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
• Zirkonalฎ P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
• Zirkonalฎ AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15์m and an active content of 40 - 50%
• Zirkonalฎ S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
Aloxicollฎ L
Aloxicollฎ PF40
Aloxicollฎ 31L
Aloxicollฎ 31P
Aloxicollฎ 51L
Aloxicollฎ 51P
Act.Aloxicollฎ P
Avt.Aloxicollฎ 71P
Act.Aloxicollฎ LR
Act.Aloxicollฎ SD100
Zirkonalฎ L435G
Zirkonalฎ L540
Zirkonalฎ P3G
Zirkonalฎ P4G
Zirkonal

and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
• Zirkonalฎ P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
• Zirkonalฎ AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15์m and an active content of 40 - 50%
• Zirkonalฎ S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
Aloxicollฎ L
Aloxicollฎ PF40
Aloxicollฎ 31L
Aloxicollฎ 31P
Aloxicollฎ 51L
Aloxicollฎ 51P
Act.Aloxicollฎ P
Avt.Aloxicollฎ 71P
Act.Aloxicollฎ LR
Act.Aloxicollฎ SD100
Zirkonalฎ L435G
Zirkonalฎ L540
Zirkonalฎ P3G
Zirkonalฎ P4G
Zirkonal

and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
• Zirkonalฎ P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
• Zirkonalฎ AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15์m and an active content of 40 - 50%
• Zirkonalฎ S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
Aloxicollฎ L
Aloxicollฎ PF40
Aloxicollฎ 31L
Aloxicollฎ 31P
Aloxicollฎ 51L
Aloxicollฎ 51P
Act.Aloxicollฎ P
Avt.Aloxicollฎ 71P
Act.Aloxicollฎ LR
Act.Aloxicollฎ SD100
Zirkonalฎ L435G
Zirkonalฎ L540
Zirkonalฎ P3G
Zirkonalฎ P4G
Zirkonal

and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
• Zirkonalฎ P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
• Zirkonalฎ AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15์m and an active content of 40 - 50%
• Zirkonalฎ S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
Aloxicollฎ L
Aloxicollฎ PF40
Aloxicollฎ 31L
Aloxicollฎ 31P
Aloxicollฎ 51L
Aloxicollฎ 51P
Act.Aloxicollฎ P
Avt.Aloxicollฎ 71P
Act.Aloxicollฎ LR
Act.Aloxicollฎ SD100
Zirkonalฎ L435G
Zirkonalฎ L540
Zirkonalฎ P3G
Zirkonalฎ P4G
Zirkonal

and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
• Zirkonalฎ P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
• Zirkonalฎ AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15์m and an active content of 40 - 50%
• Zirkonalฎ S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
Aloxicollฎ L
Aloxicollฎ PF40
Aloxicollฎ 31L
Aloxicollฎ 31P
Aloxicollฎ 51L
Aloxicollฎ 51P
Act.Aloxicollฎ P
Avt.Aloxicollฎ 71P
Act.Aloxicollฎ LR
Act.Aloxicollฎ SD100
Zirkonalฎ L435G
Zirkonalฎ L540
Zirkonalฎ P3G
Zirkonalฎ P4G
Zirkonal

and be guided by his own tests in determining the suitability of AP-All-e-02/05 any such product, method, or apparatus for any purpose.
Aluminium/
Zirconium
Actives
S w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids contents)
• Zirkonalฎ P4(3)G (Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
• Zirkonalฎ AP4(3)G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder)
Further development at BK Giulini led to the patenting of a process to produce more effective
Aluminium Zirconium compounds. These actives are suspended in cyclomethicone and are
offered with a particle size 99% < 15์m and an active content of 40 - 50%
• Zirkonalฎ S4(3)50G (activated Al/Zr -tetra(tri)chlorohydrex glycine powder
in cyclomethicone)
Aloxicollฎ L
Aloxicollฎ PF40
Aloxicollฎ 31L
Aloxicollฎ 31P
Aloxicollฎ 51L
Aloxicollฎ 51P
Act.Aloxicollฎ P
Avt.Aloxicollฎ 71P
Act.Aloxicollฎ LR
Act.Aloxicollฎ SD100
Zirkonalฎ L435G
Zirkonalฎ L540
Zirkonalฎ P3G
Zirkonalฎ P4G
Zirkonal

w e a t R e d u c t i o n
(particle size: 99 % < 90 ์m)
In the past, many compounds have been tested for their antiperspirant efficacy. Zirconium
Oxichloride was found to be a very effective substance, but like Aluminium Chloride, caused
significant skin irritation due to its low pH. Further development led to the production of
Aluminium Zirconium complexes in both aqueous solution and powder form. The pH of these
compounds is buffered to the level of the Aluminium Chlorohydrates by the addition of amino
acids.
These compounds are also available in an activated form. Sweat reduction levels of up to ca.
38% for non-activated and ca. 45% for activated compounds can be achieved.
• Zirkonalฎ L435* G (Al/Zr -tetrachlorohydrex glycine solution)
• Zirkonalฎ L540* (Al/Zr -pentachlorohydrate solution )
(* -35/-40, the solutions are available with different solids c

American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

* The ANSI paper sizes (ANSI/ASME Y14.1).

[edit] Other initiatives

* In 2008 ANSI, in partnership[6] with Citation Technologies, created the first dynamic, online web library for ISO14000 standards.[7]

* On June 23, 2009 ANSI announced a product and services agreement with Citation Technologies to deliver all ISO Standards on a web-based platform. Through the ANSI-Citation partnership, 17,765 International Standards developed by more than 3,000 ISO technical bodies will be made available on the citation platform, arming subscribers with powerful search tools and collaboration, notification, and change-management functionality.[8]

* ANSI, in partnership with Citation Technologies, AAMI, ASTM, and DIN, created a single, centralized database for medical device standards on September 9, 2009.[9]

* In early 2009, ANSI launched a new Certificate Accreditation Program (ANSI-CAP) to provide neutral, third-party attestation that a given certificate program meets the American National Standard ASTM E2659-09.

* In 2009, ANSI began accepting applications for certification bodies seeking accreditation according to requirements defined under the Toy Safety Certification Program (TCSP) as the official third-party accreditor of TSCP’s product certification bodies.

* In 2006, ANSI launched www.StandardsPortal.org, an online resource for facilitating more open and efficient trade between international markets in the areas of standards, conformity assessment, and technical regulations. The site currently features content for China, India, and Korea, with additional countries and regions planned for future content.

[edit] See also

* ASCII
* FORTRAN
* ANSI C
* ANSI ASC X9
* ANSI escape code
* ANSI-SPARC Architecture
* National Institute of Standards and Technology
* Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
* Open Standards

[edit] References

1. ^ ANSI 2009 Annual Report
2. ^ http://www.iec.ch/
3. ^ ANSI membership page, www.ansi.org/membership
4. ^ Value of the ANS Designation brochure
5. ^ Microsoft Glossary
6. ^ http://www.citationtechnologies.com/alliances/ansi
7. ^ ANSI ISO14000 Press Release
8. ^ ANSI Press Release 07.23.09
9. ^ Medical Device Standards Database Press Release 09/09/09

[edit] External links

* American National Standards Institute official Web site
* ANSI eStandardsStore
* ANSI Overview
* ANSI Historical Overview
o Historical Overview Brochure
* ANSI iPackages Portals & WebStore - ISO14000 online portals
* Documents of Interest:
o ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards
o ANSI Critical Issue Paper: Current Attempts to Change Established Definition of “Open” Standards

* ANSI code list at Piping-Designer.com

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute"
Categories: Organizations established in 1918 | Organizations based in the United States | Standards organizations | ISO member bodies | ANSI standards
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* Contact us
American National Standards Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"ANSI" redirects here. For other uses, see ANSI (disambiguation).
Logo of the American National Standards Institute.

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced /ˈænsiː/) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards make sure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.

ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of standards developing organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[1]

The organizations headquarters are in Washington, DC. ANSIs operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Members
* 3 Process
* 4 International activities
o 4.1 Standards panels
o 4.2 American national standards
o 4.3 Other initiatives
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.

Prior to 1918, these five engineering societies:

* American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, now IEEE)
* American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
* American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, now American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
* American Society for Testing Materials (now ASTM International)

had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S. government Departments of War, Navy and Commerce to join in founding a national standards organization.

According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.

In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and electronics standards.[2]
[edit] Members

ANSIs membership comprises government agencies, organizations, corporations, academic and international bodies, and individuals. In total, the Institute represents the interests of more than 125,000 companies and 3.5 million professionals.[3]
[edit] Process

Though ANSI itself does not develop standards, the Institute oversees the development and use of standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. ANSI accreditation signifies that the procedures used by standards developing organizations meet the Institutes requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process.

ANSI also designates specific standards as American National Standards, or ANS, when the Institute determines that the standards were developed in an environment that is equitable, accessible and responsive to the requirements of various stakeholders.[4]

Voluntary consensus standards quicken the market acceptance of products while making clear how to improve the safety of those products for the protection of consumers. There are approximately 9,500 American National Standards that carry the ANSI designation.

The American National Standards process involves:

* consensus by a group that is open to representatives from all interested parties
* broad-based public review and comment on draft standards
* consideration of and response to comments
* incorporation of submitted changes that meet the same consensus requirements into a draft standard
* availability of an appeal by any participant alleging that these principles were not respected during the standards-development process.

[edit] International activities

In addition to facilitating the formation of standards in the U.S., ANSI promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally, advocates U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations, and encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where appropriate.

The Institute is the official U.S. representative to the two major international standards organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), via the U.S. National Committee (USNC). ANSI participates in almost the entire technical program of both the ISO and the IEC, and administers many key committees and subgroups. In many instances, U.S. standards are taken forward to ISO and IEC, through ANSI or the USNC, where they are adopted in whole or in part as international standards.
[edit] Standards panels

The Institute administers five standards panels:

* The ANSI Biofuels Standards Panel (ANSI-BSP)
* The Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
* The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
* The ANSI Nanotechnology Standards Panel
* The Identity Theft Prevention and Identity Management Standards Panel

Each of the panels works to identify, coordinate, and harmonize voluntary standards relevant to these areas.

In 2009, ANSI and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) formed the Nuclear Energy Standards Coordination Collaborative (NESCC). NESCC is a joint initiative to identify and respond to the current need for standards in the nuclear industry.
[edit] American national standards

* The ASA (American Standards Association) photographic exposure system became the basis for the ISO film speed system, currently used worldwide (ISO 5800:1987).

* A standard for the set of values used to represent characters in digital computers. The ANSI code standard extended the previously created ASCII seven bit code standard (ASA X3.4-1963), with additional codes for European alphabets (see also Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code or EBCDIC). In Microsoft Windows, the phrase "ANSI" refers to the Windows ANSI code pages (even though they are not ANSI standards).[5] Most of these are fixed width, though some characters for ideographic languages are variable width. Since these characters are based on a draft of the ISO-8859 series, some of Microsofts symbols are visually very similar to the ISO symbols, leading many to falsely assume that they are identical.

* The first computer programming language standard was "American Standard Fortran" (informally known as "FORTRAN 66"), approved in March 1966 and published as ASA X3.9-1966.

* The original standard implementation of the programming language C was standardized as ANSI X3.159-1989, becoming the well-known ANSI C.

* The ANSI-NSF International standards used for commercial kitchens, such as restaurants, cafeterias, delis, etc.

* The ANSI/APSP (Association of Pool & Spa Professionals) standards used for pools, spas, hot tubs, barriers, and suction entrapment avoidance.

* The ANSI/HI (Hydraulic Institute) standards used for pumps.

* The ANS for eye protection is Z87.1, which gives a specific impact resistance rating to the eyewear. This standard is commonly used for shop glasses, shooting glasses, and many other examples of protective eyewear.

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